DNA Testing
This type of test is typically used in two
basic ways. Forensic analysts use DNA testing to match DNA to match a
sample from a crime scene. More often, DNA tests (a genealogical DNA
test) are used to establish paternity, maternity, or genetic lineage.
A genealogical DNA test
examines the nucleotides at specific locations on a person's
DNA for genetic genealogy purposes. The test results are
meant to have no informative medical value and do not
determine specific genetic diseases or disorders they are
intended only to give genealogical information. Genealogical
DNA tests generally involve comparing the results of living
individuals.
The general
procedure for taking a genealogical DNA test
involves taking a painless cheek-scraping at
the laboratory collection site for testing.
Pre-Employment Drug Screening
As this screening states, this type of drug screening is done as a part
of the hiring process for a potential employee. This test is performed
more often, by far, than any other test or screening process. Most
often, the typical pre-employment drug screening is a urinalysis.
To ensure accurate
results, a witness is usually placed outside of the collection area.
All traces of water are either cut off or closely monitored while collection
is in progress.
Random DOT & Non-DOT Drug Screening
Random drug testing is done with the intent of deterrence. The specimen type of choice for this test is usually urine of which is
tested for numerous types of drugs. This test screens for current drug
use.
Post Accident Drug Screening
Although fairly uncommon, post accident/incident drug screening is done
to establish liability. Usually a positive result may release the
company from any liability associated to any injuries and/or loss to the
employee. Specimen collection for the this test is usually by blood or
urine, which will detect present drug or alcohol use. In some
instances, the employee's breath (as in a breathalyzer) may be tested.
Alternative Drug Testing
Alternative drug screenings comprise of collecting specimens such as
hair and saliva. Typically, these tests are not highly used for
mainstream drug testing, where blood and urine are the specimens of choice.
Hair testing is used to
determine a specific time window of drug use. Whenever a person is
using drugs, it becomes encased in the hair shaft. A formula has been
developed to determine a period of time based on the length of the hair
being tested. Accuracy of this test depends greatly on having a
readily available source, such as the hair on the head.
Saliva testing is often
used whenever an accurate result can't be gained through the use of
urinalysis. Saliva testing can be performed anywhere at anytime for
such applications as on-the-job random testing or return to duty testing.
